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Employment and Social Developments in Europe 2014
Chart 38: Between and within zones contributions to early school leavers convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of variance
Variance EU-15 South and periphery
Variance EU-15 Centre
Variance EU-15 North
Variance EU-13 North Decomposition of the Theil index
Variance EU-13 South and periphery
Variance between (share)
Variance between (level) Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
100 1.1 0.10 Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Within EU-15 Centre
Within EU-13 South
90 1.0 0.08
80 0.9 0.06
70 0.8
60 0.7 0.04
% 50 0.6 0.02
40 0.5 0
30 0.4
20 0.3 -0.02
10 0.2 -0.04
0 2013 0.1 -0.06
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Between and within contributions to total variance are based on unweighted averages by zone, while the Theil index is based on weighted averages
(including the EU-28 weighted average). The dates correspond to the dates of the SILC waves which refer to households’ incomes from the year before.
Some missing values at the beginning of the period were kept constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages: CZ, IE, HR, LV, SK (2001) and UK (2003).
Chart 39: Between and within zones contributions to NEETs convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of variance
Variance EU-15 South and periphery
Variance EU-15 Centre
Variance EU-15 North
Variance EU-13 North Decomposition of the Theil index
Variance EU-13 South and periphery
Variance between (share)
Variance between (level) Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
100 1.1 0.25 Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Within EU-13 South
Within EU-15 Centre
90 1.0 0.20
80 0.9 0.15
70 0.8 0.10
60 0.7 0.05
% 50 0.6 0
40 0.5 -0.05
30 0.4 -0.10
20 0.3 -0.15
10 0.2 -0.20
0 2013 0.1 -0.25
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Between and within contributions to total variance are based on unweighted averages by zone, while the Theil index is based on weighted averages
(including the EU-28 weighted average). The dates correspond to the dates of the SILC waves which refer to households’ incomes from the year before. Some
missing values at the beginning of the period were kept constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages: CZ, IE, HR, LV and SK (2001).
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Chart 38: Between and within zones contributions to early school leavers convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of variance
Variance EU-15 South and periphery
Variance EU-15 Centre
Variance EU-15 North
Variance EU-13 North Decomposition of the Theil index
Variance EU-13 South and periphery
Variance between (share)
Variance between (level) Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
100 1.1 0.10 Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Within EU-15 Centre
Within EU-13 South
90 1.0 0.08
80 0.9 0.06
70 0.8
60 0.7 0.04
% 50 0.6 0.02
40 0.5 0
30 0.4
20 0.3 -0.02
10 0.2 -0.04
0 2013 0.1 -0.06
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Between and within contributions to total variance are based on unweighted averages by zone, while the Theil index is based on weighted averages
(including the EU-28 weighted average). The dates correspond to the dates of the SILC waves which refer to households’ incomes from the year before.
Some missing values at the beginning of the period were kept constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages: CZ, IE, HR, LV, SK (2001) and UK (2003).
Chart 39: Between and within zones contributions to NEETs convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of variance
Variance EU-15 South and periphery
Variance EU-15 Centre
Variance EU-15 North
Variance EU-13 North Decomposition of the Theil index
Variance EU-13 South and periphery
Variance between (share)
Variance between (level) Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
100 1.1 0.25 Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Within EU-13 South
Within EU-15 Centre
90 1.0 0.20
80 0.9 0.15
70 0.8 0.10
60 0.7 0.05
% 50 0.6 0
40 0.5 -0.05
30 0.4 -0.10
20 0.3 -0.15
10 0.2 -0.20
0 2013 0.1 -0.25
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Between and within contributions to total variance are based on unweighted averages by zone, while the Theil index is based on weighted averages
(including the EU-28 weighted average). The dates correspond to the dates of the SILC waves which refer to households’ incomes from the year before. Some
missing values at the beginning of the period were kept constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages: CZ, IE, HR, LV and SK (2001).
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