Page 241 - ePaper
P. 241
Chapter 4: Restoring Convergence between Member States in the EU and EMU
Chart 32: Between and within zones contributions to UR convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of variance
Variance EU-15 South and periphery
Variance EU-15 Centre Decomposition of the Theil index
Variance EU-15 North
Variance EU-13 North
Variance EU-13 South and periphery Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
Variance between (share) Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Variance between (level) Within EU-15 Centre Within EU-13 South
100 10 0.08
90 9
80 8 0.06
70 7 0.04
60 6
% 50 5 0.02
40 4
30 3 0
20 2 -0.02
10 1
0 0 -0.04
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Between and within contributions to total variance are based on uneweighted averages by zone, while the Theil index is based on weighted averages
(including the EU-28 weighted average). Some missing values in the beginning of the period were kept constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages:
BG, CY, EE, HR, MT (1995-99), LV (1995-98), LT (1995-97), PL, RO (1995-96), HU, SI (1995), AT (1990-93), DE (1990), EL (1990-97).
Chart 33: Between and within zones contributions to activity rates convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of variance
Variance EU-15 South and periphery
Variance EU-15 Centre Decomposition of the Theil index
Variance EU-15 North
Variance EU-13 North
Variance EU-13 South and periphery Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
Variance between (share) Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Within EU-13 South
Within EU-15 Centre
Variance between (level)
100 1.4 0.04
90 1.3 0.03
80 1.2
70 1.1 0.02
60 1.0 0.01
% 50 0.9 0
40 0.8 -0.01
30 0.7
20 0.6 -0.02
10 0.5 -0.03
0 -0.04
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.4 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Between and within contributions to total variance are based on unweighted averages by zone, while the Theil index is based on weighted averages
(including the EU-28 weighted average). Some missing values in the beginning of the period were kept constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages:
HR (1995-01), BG, CY, MT (1995-99), CZ, EE, LV, LT, SK (1995-97), PL, RO (1995-96), HU, SI (1995), IT (1992), AT (1992-93).
239
Chart 32: Between and within zones contributions to UR convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of variance
Variance EU-15 South and periphery
Variance EU-15 Centre Decomposition of the Theil index
Variance EU-15 North
Variance EU-13 North
Variance EU-13 South and periphery Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
Variance between (share) Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Variance between (level) Within EU-15 Centre Within EU-13 South
100 10 0.08
90 9
80 8 0.06
70 7 0.04
60 6
% 50 5 0.02
40 4
30 3 0
20 2 -0.02
10 1
0 0 -0.04
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Between and within contributions to total variance are based on uneweighted averages by zone, while the Theil index is based on weighted averages
(including the EU-28 weighted average). Some missing values in the beginning of the period were kept constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages:
BG, CY, EE, HR, MT (1995-99), LV (1995-98), LT (1995-97), PL, RO (1995-96), HU, SI (1995), AT (1990-93), DE (1990), EL (1990-97).
Chart 33: Between and within zones contributions to activity rates convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of variance
Variance EU-15 South and periphery
Variance EU-15 Centre Decomposition of the Theil index
Variance EU-15 North
Variance EU-13 North
Variance EU-13 South and periphery Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
Variance between (share) Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Within EU-13 South
Within EU-15 Centre
Variance between (level)
100 1.4 0.04
90 1.3 0.03
80 1.2
70 1.1 0.02
60 1.0 0.01
% 50 0.9 0
40 0.8 -0.01
30 0.7
20 0.6 -0.02
10 0.5 -0.03
0 -0.04
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.4 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Between and within contributions to total variance are based on unweighted averages by zone, while the Theil index is based on weighted averages
(including the EU-28 weighted average). Some missing values in the beginning of the period were kept constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages:
HR (1995-01), BG, CY, MT (1995-99), CZ, EE, LV, LT, SK (1995-97), PL, RO (1995-96), HU, SI (1995), IT (1992), AT (1992-93).
239
