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Employment and Social Developments in Europe 2014
Chart 34: Between and within zones contributions to GHDI convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of the Theil index
Decomposition of variance Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
100 1.25 0.06 Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Within EU-13 South
Within EU-15 Centre
90 1.20
80 1.15 0.04
70 1.10 0.02
60 1.05
50 1.00 0
%
40 Variance EU-15 South and periphery 0.95
30 Variance EU-15 Centre 0.90 -0.02
Variance EU-15 North
20 Variance EU-13 North 0.85 -0.04
Variance EU-13 South and periphery
10 Variance between (share) 0.80
Variance between (level)
0 -0.06
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.75 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Values in real Euros deflated by HICP ; between and within contributions to total variance are based on unweighted averages by zone, while the Theil
index is based on weighted averages (including the EU-28 weighted average). Missing data for MT, some missing values in the beginning of the period were kept
constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages: LU (1996-2005), BG, HR, IE (1996-01), EL, ES, RO (1996-99).
Chart 35: Between and within zones contributions to AROPE convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of the Theil index
Decomposition of variance Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
100 1.3 0.10 Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Within EU-13 South
Within EU-15 Centre
90 1.2 0.08
80 1.1 0.06
70 1.0
60 0.9 0.04
% 50 0.8 0.02
40 0.7 0
30 Variance EU-15 South and periphery 0.6 -0.02
Variance EU-15 Centre
20 Variance EU-15 North 0.5
Variance EU-13 North
10 Variance EU-13 South and periphery 0.4 -0.04
Variance between (share)
0 Variance between (level) 2013 0.3 -0.06
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Between and within contributions to total variance are based on uneweighted averages by zone, while the Theil index is based on weighted averages
(including the EU-28 weighted average). Some missing values at the beginning of the period were kept constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages:
HR (2004-09), RO (2004-06), BG (2004-05), CZ, DE, CY, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, SI, SK, UK (2004).
240
Chart 34: Between and within zones contributions to GHDI convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of the Theil index
Decomposition of variance Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
100 1.25 0.06 Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Within EU-13 South
Within EU-15 Centre
90 1.20
80 1.15 0.04
70 1.10 0.02
60 1.05
50 1.00 0
%
40 Variance EU-15 South and periphery 0.95
30 Variance EU-15 Centre 0.90 -0.02
Variance EU-15 North
20 Variance EU-13 North 0.85 -0.04
Variance EU-13 South and periphery
10 Variance between (share) 0.80
Variance between (level)
0 -0.06
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0.75 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Values in real Euros deflated by HICP ; between and within contributions to total variance are based on unweighted averages by zone, while the Theil
index is based on weighted averages (including the EU-28 weighted average). Missing data for MT, some missing values in the beginning of the period were kept
constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages: LU (1996-2005), BG, HR, IE (1996-01), EL, ES, RO (1996-99).
Chart 35: Between and within zones contributions to AROPE convergence in EU (1995–2013)
Decomposition of the Theil index
Decomposition of variance Between zones Within EU-15 North Theil index
100 1.3 0.10 Within EU-15 South Within EU-13 North
Within EU-13 South
Within EU-15 Centre
90 1.2 0.08
80 1.1 0.06
70 1.0
60 0.9 0.04
% 50 0.8 0.02
40 0.7 0
30 Variance EU-15 South and periphery 0.6 -0.02
Variance EU-15 Centre
20 Variance EU-15 North 0.5
Variance EU-13 North
10 Variance EU-13 South and periphery 0.4 -0.04
Variance between (share)
0 Variance between (level) 2013 0.3 -0.06
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Eurostat, calculations DG EMPL.
Notes: Between and within contributions to total variance are based on uneweighted averages by zone, while the Theil index is based on weighted averages
(including the EU-28 weighted average). Some missing values at the beginning of the period were kept constant for the calculation of dispersion and averages:
HR (2004-09), RO (2004-06), BG (2004-05), CZ, DE, CY, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, SI, SK, UK (2004).
240
