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Executive summary








This fourth edition of the annual Employment and Social Developments in Europe
(ESDE) Review presents a detailed analysis of key employment and social issues
and concerns for the European Union and its Member States as it pursues its
EU 2020 employment and social goals.

The opening section provides an overall review of developments, challenges and
responses, followed by thematic chapters on:

• The legacy of the recession; resilience and challenges

• Investing in human capital and responding to long-term societal challenges

• The future of work in Europe; job quality and work organisation for smart, sustainable
and inclusive growth

• Restoring socio-economic convergence between Member States in the EU and EMU

The European economy and labour markets are experiencing signs of recovery from The foundations of sustained growth
the prolonged downturn. However, there is no reason to celebrate prematurely. While remain fragile in many Member States…
economic output and employment have both started to recover in recent quar-
ters, they remain below the pre-crisis levels and the foundations of further growth
remain fragile. Moreover, the employment and social impacts of the crisis will take
years to redress, even under the most optimistic scenarios. At the same time, some
Member States weathered the crisis better than others and experience a stronger
recovery, also in terms of employment.

Unemployment has declined from the crisis peaks, but still remains in double digits … with unemployment still high
in the EU as a whole. Around 9 million more people are out of work compared with and employment growth concentrated
2008, with youth and long-term unemployment being a source of particular concern. in temporary and part-time jobs.
Moreover, much of the recent employment growth consists of temporary or part-time,
which is suggestive of the uncertainty that prevails on the hiring side.

Also household incomes have shown some signs of improvement since late 2013, The recovery remains short of
after several years of decline, but this is insufficient to address the social challenges addressing the social challenges built
that have exacerbated since the beginning of the crisis. Increased levels of poverty up since the beginning of the crisis.
and inequality in the most affected Member States threaten the EU goal of inclusive
and sustainable growth.






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