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Employment and Social Developments in Europe 2014
Social Inclusion Indicators: United Kingdom
All 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-risk-of-poverty or exclusion (% of total population) 22.6 23.2 22.0 23.2 22.7 24.1 b 24.8
At-risk-of-poverty (% of total population) 18.6 18.7 17.3 17.1 16.2 16.0 b 15.9
At-risk-of-poverty threshold (PPS single person) 11 267 11 126 10 091 9 521 9 466 9 868 b 9 882
Poverty gap (%) 22.4 21.0 20.6 21.4 21.3 20.9 b 19.6
Persistent at-risk-of-poverty (% of total population) 8.0 7.4 6.9 8.6
At-risk-of-poverty before social transfers excl. pensions (% of total population) 29.7 28.9 30.4 31.0 30.5 29.7 b 30.1
Impact of social transfers (excl. pensions) in reducing poverty (%) 37.4 35.3 43.1 44.8 46.9 46.1 47.2
Severe Material Deprivation (% of total population) 4.2 4.5 3.3 u 4.8 5.1 7.8 b 8.3
Share of people living in low work intensity households (% of people aged 0-59) 10.4 10.4 12.7 13.2 11.5 13.0 b 13.2
Gross Household Disposable income adjusted for consumer prices (growth %) 0.5 0.3 1.6 0.8 -1.1 2.5
Income quintile share ratio S80/S20 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.0 b 4.6
GINI coefficient 32.6 33.9 32.4 32.9 33.0 31.3 b 30.2
Early leavers from education and training (% of population aged 18-24) 16.6 b 17.0 15.7 14.9 15.0 13.6 12.4
NEET: Young people not in employment, education or training 11.9 b 12.1 13.3 13.7 14.3 14.0 13.3
(% of total population aged 15-24)
By gender
Male 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-risk-of-poverty or exclusion (% of male population) 21.1 21.7 21.1 22.1 21.4 23.4 b 23.6
At-risk-of-poverty (% of male population) 17.6 17.4 16.7 16.4 14.8 15.8 b 15.4
Poverty gap (%) 22.9 21.1 20.9 23.0 22.2 21.9 b 19.9
Persistent at-risk-of-poverty (% of male population) 7.6 7.0 6.1 8.1
Severe Material Deprivation (% of male population) 3.9 4.3 3.4 u 4.8 5.0 7.5 b 8.0
Share of people living in low work intensity households (% of males aged 0-59) 9.6 9.7 12.0 12.5 10.8 12.5 b 12.5
Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.6 77.8 78.3 78.7 79.0 79.1
Healthy life years at birth (years) 64.6 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.2 64.6
Early leavers from education and training (% of males aged 18-24) 17.6 b 18.3 16.9 15.8 16.2 14.7 13.7
NEET: Young people not in employment, education or training 10.1 b 10.2 12.1 12.2 13.2 12.9 12.2
(% of males aged 15-24)
Female 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-risk-of-poverty or exclusion (% of female population) 24.1 24.7 22.8 24.2 24.1 24.9 b 25.8
At-risk-of-poverty (% of female population) 19.6 20.0 17.8 17.8 17.6 16.3 b 16.4
Poverty gap (%) 21.9 20.9 20.5 19.3 20.5 19.5 b 19.2
Persistent at-risk-of-poverty (% of female population) 8.3 7.7 7.8 9.1
Severe Material Deprivation (% of female population) 4.4 4.8 3.2 u 4.9 5.1 8.1 b 8.6
Share of people living in low work intensity households (% of females aged 0-59) 11.1 11.2 13.4 13.9 12.3 13.6 b 14.0
Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.8 81.9 82.5 82.6 83.0 82.8
Healthy life years at birth (years) 66.0 66.3 66.1 65.6 65.2 64.5
Early leavers from education and training (% of females aged 18-24) 15.6 b 15.6 14.5 14.0 13.8 12.4 11.2
NEET: Young people not in employment, education or training 13.7 b 14.1 14.6 15.2 15.5 15.1 14.5
(% of females aged 15-24)
By age
Children (0-17) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-Risk-of-poverty or exclusion of children (% of people aged 0-17) 27.6 29.6 27.4 29.7 26.9 31.2 b 32.6
At-risk-of-poverty (% of Children population) 23.0 24.0 20.7 20.4 18.0 18.0 b 18.9
Severe Material Deprivation (% of Children population) 6.3 6.5 4.4 u 7.3 7.1 12.5 b 12.3
Share of children living in low work intensity households (% of Children population) 13.8 13.9 16.1 17.1 14.1 16.3 b 16.7
Risk of poverty of children in households at work (Working Intensity > 0.2) 14.7 16.2 12.2 12.7 12.1 13.2 b 14.8
Impact of social transfers (excl. pensions) in reducing poverty (0-17) (%) 43.6 39.6 51.6 54.2 57.6 57.0 57.2
Working age (18-64) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-risk-of-poverty or exclusion (% of Working age population) 19.6 19.7 19.8 21.2 21.4 23.7 b 24.1
At-risk-of-poverty (% of Working age population) 15.1 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.1 15.3 b 14.7
Severe Material Deprivation (% of Working age population) 41 51 41 u 51 61 81 b 91
Very low work intensity (18-59) 9.1 9.2 11.4 11.7 10.6 11.9 b 12.0
In-work at-risk-of poverty rate (% of persons employed) 7.9 8.0 6.3 6.7 7.8 8.7 b 8.2
Impact of social transfers (excl. pensions) in reducing poverty (18-64) (%) 38.9 38.0 44.4 45.2 48.0 44.0 46.6
Elderly (65+) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-Risk-of-poverty or exclusion of elderly (% of people aged 65+) 27.9 28.5 23.1 22.3 22.7 17.3 b 18.1
At-risk-of-poverty (% of Elderly population) 26.5 27.3 22.3 21.3 21.8 16.4 b 16.6
Severe Material Deprivation (% of Elderly population) 1.9 1.4 1.2 u 1.3 1.3 1.4 b 2.1
Relative median income of elderly 0.74 0.74 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.88 b 0.87
(ratio with median income of people younger than 65)
Aggregate replacement ratio (ratio) 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.48 0.48 0.50 b 0.53
Expenditure in social protection indicators (% of GDP) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Sickness/Health care 7.7 7.8 8.7 8.4 9.0 p 9.3 p
Disability 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 p 1.9 p
Old age and survivors 10.6 11.0 12.3 12.2 12.3 p 12.8 p
Family/Children 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.9 p 1.9 p
Unemployment 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 p 0.7 p
Housing and Social exclusion n.e.c. 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 p 1.8 p
Total (including Admin and Other expenditures) 24.7 25.6 28.3 27.9 28.0 p 28.8 p
of which: Means tested benefits 3.5 3.7 4.2 4.2 4.1 p 4.1 p
Notes: b = break in time series; d = definition differs, see metadata; e = estimated; f = forecast; p = provisional; s = Eurostat estimate; u = low reliability.
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Social Inclusion Indicators: United Kingdom
All 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-risk-of-poverty or exclusion (% of total population) 22.6 23.2 22.0 23.2 22.7 24.1 b 24.8
At-risk-of-poverty (% of total population) 18.6 18.7 17.3 17.1 16.2 16.0 b 15.9
At-risk-of-poverty threshold (PPS single person) 11 267 11 126 10 091 9 521 9 466 9 868 b 9 882
Poverty gap (%) 22.4 21.0 20.6 21.4 21.3 20.9 b 19.6
Persistent at-risk-of-poverty (% of total population) 8.0 7.4 6.9 8.6
At-risk-of-poverty before social transfers excl. pensions (% of total population) 29.7 28.9 30.4 31.0 30.5 29.7 b 30.1
Impact of social transfers (excl. pensions) in reducing poverty (%) 37.4 35.3 43.1 44.8 46.9 46.1 47.2
Severe Material Deprivation (% of total population) 4.2 4.5 3.3 u 4.8 5.1 7.8 b 8.3
Share of people living in low work intensity households (% of people aged 0-59) 10.4 10.4 12.7 13.2 11.5 13.0 b 13.2
Gross Household Disposable income adjusted for consumer prices (growth %) 0.5 0.3 1.6 0.8 -1.1 2.5
Income quintile share ratio S80/S20 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.0 b 4.6
GINI coefficient 32.6 33.9 32.4 32.9 33.0 31.3 b 30.2
Early leavers from education and training (% of population aged 18-24) 16.6 b 17.0 15.7 14.9 15.0 13.6 12.4
NEET: Young people not in employment, education or training 11.9 b 12.1 13.3 13.7 14.3 14.0 13.3
(% of total population aged 15-24)
By gender
Male 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-risk-of-poverty or exclusion (% of male population) 21.1 21.7 21.1 22.1 21.4 23.4 b 23.6
At-risk-of-poverty (% of male population) 17.6 17.4 16.7 16.4 14.8 15.8 b 15.4
Poverty gap (%) 22.9 21.1 20.9 23.0 22.2 21.9 b 19.9
Persistent at-risk-of-poverty (% of male population) 7.6 7.0 6.1 8.1
Severe Material Deprivation (% of male population) 3.9 4.3 3.4 u 4.8 5.0 7.5 b 8.0
Share of people living in low work intensity households (% of males aged 0-59) 9.6 9.7 12.0 12.5 10.8 12.5 b 12.5
Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.6 77.8 78.3 78.7 79.0 79.1
Healthy life years at birth (years) 64.6 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.2 64.6
Early leavers from education and training (% of males aged 18-24) 17.6 b 18.3 16.9 15.8 16.2 14.7 13.7
NEET: Young people not in employment, education or training 10.1 b 10.2 12.1 12.2 13.2 12.9 12.2
(% of males aged 15-24)
Female 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-risk-of-poverty or exclusion (% of female population) 24.1 24.7 22.8 24.2 24.1 24.9 b 25.8
At-risk-of-poverty (% of female population) 19.6 20.0 17.8 17.8 17.6 16.3 b 16.4
Poverty gap (%) 21.9 20.9 20.5 19.3 20.5 19.5 b 19.2
Persistent at-risk-of-poverty (% of female population) 8.3 7.7 7.8 9.1
Severe Material Deprivation (% of female population) 4.4 4.8 3.2 u 4.9 5.1 8.1 b 8.6
Share of people living in low work intensity households (% of females aged 0-59) 11.1 11.2 13.4 13.9 12.3 13.6 b 14.0
Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.8 81.9 82.5 82.6 83.0 82.8
Healthy life years at birth (years) 66.0 66.3 66.1 65.6 65.2 64.5
Early leavers from education and training (% of females aged 18-24) 15.6 b 15.6 14.5 14.0 13.8 12.4 11.2
NEET: Young people not in employment, education or training 13.7 b 14.1 14.6 15.2 15.5 15.1 14.5
(% of females aged 15-24)
By age
Children (0-17) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-Risk-of-poverty or exclusion of children (% of people aged 0-17) 27.6 29.6 27.4 29.7 26.9 31.2 b 32.6
At-risk-of-poverty (% of Children population) 23.0 24.0 20.7 20.4 18.0 18.0 b 18.9
Severe Material Deprivation (% of Children population) 6.3 6.5 4.4 u 7.3 7.1 12.5 b 12.3
Share of children living in low work intensity households (% of Children population) 13.8 13.9 16.1 17.1 14.1 16.3 b 16.7
Risk of poverty of children in households at work (Working Intensity > 0.2) 14.7 16.2 12.2 12.7 12.1 13.2 b 14.8
Impact of social transfers (excl. pensions) in reducing poverty (0-17) (%) 43.6 39.6 51.6 54.2 57.6 57.0 57.2
Working age (18-64) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-risk-of-poverty or exclusion (% of Working age population) 19.6 19.7 19.8 21.2 21.4 23.7 b 24.1
At-risk-of-poverty (% of Working age population) 15.1 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.1 15.3 b 14.7
Severe Material Deprivation (% of Working age population) 41 51 41 u 51 61 81 b 91
Very low work intensity (18-59) 9.1 9.2 11.4 11.7 10.6 11.9 b 12.0
In-work at-risk-of poverty rate (% of persons employed) 7.9 8.0 6.3 6.7 7.8 8.7 b 8.2
Impact of social transfers (excl. pensions) in reducing poverty (18-64) (%) 38.9 38.0 44.4 45.2 48.0 44.0 46.6
Elderly (65+) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
At-Risk-of-poverty or exclusion of elderly (% of people aged 65+) 27.9 28.5 23.1 22.3 22.7 17.3 b 18.1
At-risk-of-poverty (% of Elderly population) 26.5 27.3 22.3 21.3 21.8 16.4 b 16.6
Severe Material Deprivation (% of Elderly population) 1.9 1.4 1.2 u 1.3 1.3 1.4 b 2.1
Relative median income of elderly 0.74 0.74 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.88 b 0.87
(ratio with median income of people younger than 65)
Aggregate replacement ratio (ratio) 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.48 0.48 0.50 b 0.53
Expenditure in social protection indicators (% of GDP) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Sickness/Health care 7.7 7.8 8.7 8.4 9.0 p 9.3 p
Disability 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 p 1.9 p
Old age and survivors 10.6 11.0 12.3 12.2 12.3 p 12.8 p
Family/Children 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.9 p 1.9 p
Unemployment 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 p 0.7 p
Housing and Social exclusion n.e.c. 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 p 1.8 p
Total (including Admin and Other expenditures) 24.7 25.6 28.3 27.9 28.0 p 28.8 p
of which: Means tested benefits 3.5 3.7 4.2 4.2 4.1 p 4.1 p
Notes: b = break in time series; d = definition differs, see metadata; e = estimated; f = forecast; p = provisional; s = Eurostat estimate; u = low reliability.
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